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Victimae paschali laudes
''Victimae paschali laudes'' is a sequence prescribed for the Roman Catholic Mass and liturgical Protestant Eucharists of Easter Sunday. It is usually attributed to the 11th century Wipo of Burgundy, chaplain to the German Emperor Conrad II, but has also been attributed to Notker Balbulus, Robert II of France, and Adam of St. Victor.
''Victimae Paschali Laudes'' is one of only four medieval sequences that were preserved in the ''Missale Romanum'' published in 1570 after the Council of Trent (1545-63). The three others were the "Veni Sancte Spiritus" for the feast of Pentecost, "Lauda Sion" for Corpus Christi, and the "Dies Irae" for the Requiem Mass (a fifth sequence, the "Stabat Mater" for the Feast of the Seven Dolours of the Blessed Virgin Mary, was added to the missal by Pope Benedict XIII in 1727). Before Trent, many other feasts also had their own sequences,〔David Hiley, ''Western Plainchant : A Handbook'' (OUP, 1993), II.22, pp.172-195〕 and some 16 different sequences for Easter were in use.〔Joseph Kehrein, ''Lateinische Sequenzen des Mittelalters'' (Mainz 1873) pp78-90〕
''Victimae Paschali Laudes'' is one of the few sequences that are still in liturgical use today. Its text was set to different music by many Renaissance and Baroque composers, including Busnois, Josquin, Lassus, Willaert, Hans Buchner, Palestrina, Byrd, Perosi, and Fernando de las Infantas. Chorales derived from ''Victimae Paschali Laudes'' include "ドイツ語:Christ ist erstanden" (12th century) and Martin Luther's "Christ lag in Todes Banden".
The section beginning "Credendum est," with its pejorative reference to the Jews, was deleted in the 1570 missal, which also replaced "praecedet suos (his own)" with "praecedet vos (you)", and added "Amen" and "Alleluia" to the end.
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